{"id":437,"date":"2017-02-16T13:14:30","date_gmt":"2017-02-16T13:14:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/reformingretail.com\/?p=437"},"modified":"2019-01-23T07:47:24","modified_gmt":"2019-01-23T13:47:24","slug":"another-investor-enters-brick-mortar-will-likely-regret-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/2017\/02\/16\/another-investor-enters-brick-mortar-will-likely-regret-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Another Investor Enters Brick &#038; Mortar &#8211; Will Likely Regret It"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Last week Fishbowl Marketing <a href=\"http:\/\/www.businesswire.com\/news\/home\/20170127005113\/en\/Symphony-Technology-Group-Acquires-Fishbowl\">was acquired <\/a>by Symphony Technology Group. I&#8217;m always a little leery of private equity ownership because many of these funds use financial engineering to steal&nbsp;their IRR instead of digging into the operations and making improvements at a more fundamental level. Classic example is <a href=\"http:\/\/fortune.com\/2014\/06\/30\/why-private-equity-investors-cant-save-red-lobster\/\">Golden Gate Capital stripping the real estate off Red Lobster<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>But Fishbowl made a good move years ago in buying Mike Lukianoff&#8217;s analytics company. Mike was one of the first people I heard of doing legitimate data science in the brick and mortar space. Many retail executives&nbsp;will tell you they&#8217;re using &#8220;big data&#8221; or &#8220;data science&#8221; but that&#8217;s just verbal masturbation to make it look like they know what they&#8217;re doing. So because of Fishbowl&#8217;s willingness to involve themselves in <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">real<\/span> data science by aligning with Mr. Lukianoff, they&#8217;re probably making a good move by partnering with Symphony.<\/p>\n<p>Though with all respect to Fishbowl, I&#8217;m not sure it will be a (relatively) good deal for Symphony.<\/p>\n<p>Start with this question:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Why are there so few private equity (PE) investments&nbsp;in brick and mortar service providers, particularly restaurants?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Our observation&nbsp;is two-fold, and we&#8217;re <a href=\"http:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/2016\/12\/27\/why-restaurants-cant-and-dont-have-nice-things\/\">not shy about providing data<\/a> to back it up<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Merchants are really&nbsp;unsophisticated and thus sales cycles are&nbsp;forever long<\/li>\n<li>Merchants are really&nbsp;broke because they don&#8217;t run their businesses well so&nbsp;solution provider revenues are low<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>On the whole, this truism is bad for the industry. It means external sophistication continues to pass it by because growth is hard to come by. Think of it like this.<\/p>\n<p>The US restaurant industry is huge. It&#8217;s $700B in sales, employing over 14 million people &#8211; 10% of the workforce. <strong>Yet you&#8217;d struggle to find 10 restaurant technology companies that meet the PE threshold of investment&nbsp;interest ($10MM annual revenue).<\/strong><\/p>\n[bctt tweet=&#8221;Think about it: here&#8217;s an industry that&#8217;s the 2nd largest employer yet you can&#8217;t find 10 tech companies that earn $10MM in revenue&#8230;&#8221; username=&#8221;&#8221;]\n<p>What does that say about the sophistication &#8211; and thus potential &#8211; of the industry?<\/p>\n<p>This is&nbsp;a list of tech companies that might reach this revenue minimum. (<em>I&#8217;m going to ignore payments companies because they&#8217;re ultimately not constrained to brick and mortar like a restaurant marketing tool might be.)<\/em><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Compeat<\/li>\n<li>Crunchtime<\/li>\n<li>Ctuit (might be a little short)<\/li>\n<li>Delaget<\/li>\n<li>Fishbowl<\/li>\n<li>Hotschedules<\/li>\n<li>Tillster (previously EMN8)<\/li>\n<li>Xformity\/Altametrics<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For a list of companies that received tens of millions in funding to reach this level of PE-acceptable revenue, see the below<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Grubhub\/Seamless<\/li>\n<li>olo<\/li>\n<li>OpenTable<\/li>\n<li>Shopkeep, Toast, Revel (likely losing millions\/tens of millions of dollars annually)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>But even when one of&nbsp;these rare companies&nbsp;reaches $10MM ARR, are they really a good bet for PE? Or is this image an accurate depiction of placing bets&nbsp;here:<\/p>\n<p><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-471\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/reformingretail.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/imgres.png?resize=246%2C205\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"205\"><\/p>\n<p><strong>In other words, is getting that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/timothyspangler\/2014\/07\/30\/returns-drive-fees-in-private-equity-and-hedge-funds\/#6803f10e6343\">25% IRR<\/a>&nbsp;easy to achieve when the end customer is ultimately really unsophisticated or are you better off going somewhere else?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s look at Hotschedules for an example.<\/p>\n<p>TPG executed the classic PE rollup in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hotschedules.com\/news\/ray-pawlikowski-david-cantu-featured-four-points-news\/\">January of 2013<\/a>, combining Hotschedules with a handful of other software providers (Schoox, Macromatix, and Red Book) in the space. The theory for the rollup is pretty straight forward: take a bunch of software companies with similar customers in the same space and get them to cross-sell to each other. Provide working capital and lever the acquisition with debt, scale it up, and exit in 5 years, hitting that 25% IRR mark.<\/p>\n<p>Let&#8217;s start with a basic rule of thumb to figure out if TPG is making their lives easy by taking on this acquisition.<\/p>\n<p>A quick and dirty way to calculate IRR is to use a multiple-on-money (MoM) number and divide out the length of time to get IRR. For example, if I buy a company for $100, and it takes me 2 years to double it to $200 (where I then sell it), what&#8217;s my IRR?<\/p>\n<p>So I would take $200-$100 = $100. This is a 100% gain from the initial $100 investment. It took two years to achieve, so it&#8217;s roughly an IRR of 50%. <strong>However<\/strong>, we need to add a fudge factor for compounding (because money has value over time), which is usually a 20%-25% discount.<\/p>\n<p>For this example, we&#8217;d say the IRR is 75% of that 50% number, or about 40% IRR.<\/p>\n<p>With that, let&#8217;s reexamine TPG&#8217;s rollup. Our guess is that the 4 companies prior to acquisition were earning a combined $50MM in annual revenue (Hotschedules <a href=\"https:\/\/onlineacademiccommunity.uvic.ca\/rleigh300ts\/2015\/01\/17\/hotschedules-the-exponential-growth\/\">reported annual revenues of $10.6MM<\/a> right before acquisition and with the exception of RedBook they were likely the only asset doing &gt; $10MM ARR). Now, four years later, the asset is earning somewhere around $75MM in annual revenue.<\/p>\n<p>Maybe.<\/p>\n<p>I assumed a 10% compounded annual growth number for the business then I added a 30% EBITDA margin because &#8220;good&#8221; companies have margin + growth = 40%. &nbsp;But on Linkedin Hotschedules shows&nbsp;fewer than 500 employees.&nbsp;If we assume they cost $100K\/year and add a 30% EBITDA on top of it, Hotschedules might only be pulling in $60-65MM ARR.<\/p>\n<p>And&nbsp;one could argue this 40% number from some pretty public bumps in the process.<\/p>\n<p>The rollup was first branded as Red Book Connect. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.qsrweb.com\/news\/red-book-connect-names-ceo\/\">New management was brought in<\/a>. Then new management left. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hotschedules.com\/news\/red-book-connect-announces-new-board-appointment-kevin-costello\/\">New management was brought in<\/a>&nbsp;again, and the whole asset was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hotschedules.com\/news\/red-book-connect-re-brands-as-hotschedules\/\">rebranded to Hotschedules<\/a>&nbsp;in early 2015.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/anthonylye\">New management then left again<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Troubles aside, <strong>if we assume 50% leverage and an exit in January&nbsp;2018 with topline revenues of $75MM and 40% EBITDA margins<\/strong>, that&#8217;s a 18% IRR over 5 years on MoM of 2.2x. Not very good.<\/p>\n<p>Now TPG, being a very clever PE firm, will find creative ways to hit&nbsp;their IRR or MoM goal, whether that&#8217;s from financial engineering or adding &#8220;strategic&#8221; value that improves the exit multiple.<\/p>\n<p>But the point is that it takes a LOT more work to hit respectable IRR numbers in brick and mortar.<\/p>\n<p>While the market appears greenfield, it&#8217;s greenfield for a reason.<\/p>\n<p>I would expect TPG to exit Hotschedules before January of 2018. It wouldn&#8217;t appear that their revenues are high enough for an IPO, so they will look to push the asset to another PE firm. When that happens, other PE groups &#8211; including the ones currently active in companies like Crunchtime, Delaget, Compeat or Fishbowl &#8211; will learn just how well Hotschedules performed.<\/p>\n<p>Looking at the numbers, our guess is the&nbsp;active PE investors in this space will need to borrow some of TPG&#8217;s financial engineering magic to pull of a win.<\/p>\n<p>At some point&nbsp;it&#8217;s wiser&nbsp;to make bets on businesses serving sophisticated customers where you can leave your magic kit at home.<\/p>\n<p><script async=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/widget.websitevoice.com\/UMwLESBjj1uq-UOHwOeBBw\"><\/script><br \/>\n<script>\n  window.wvData=window.wvData||{};function wvtag(a,b){wvData[a]=b;}\n  wvtag('id', 'UMwLESBjj1uq-UOHwOeBBw');\n  wvtag('widget-style', {\n    backgroundColor: '#F5953E',\n    contrast: 'wv-contrast-dark'\n  });\n<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last week Fishbowl Marketing was acquired by Symphony Technology Group. I&#8217;m always a little leery of private equity ownership because many of these funds use financial engineering to steal&nbsp;their IRR instead of digging into the operations and making improvements at a more fundamental level. Classic example is Golden Gate Capital stripping the real estate off [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":true,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[5,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-solutions","category-merchants"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p81nA2-73","jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/reformingretail.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/02\/a1.png?fit=246%2C205&ssl=1","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=437"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4094,"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/437\/revisions\/4094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reformingretail.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}